| schema:description | "内容記述: Section I. Overview: Introduction by Patricia Shanley, Sarah A Laird, Alan R Pierce & Abraham Guillen: 1. The rise of certification, the current state of the playing field for NTFP certification progammes and future prospects by Jamison B. Ervin & Patrick Mallet; 2. The process of drafting and revising guidelines for NTFP certification by Patricia Shanley & Sarah A Laird; 3. Summaries of the filed-testing results in Mexico, Bolivia and Brazil by Abraham Guillen. Section II: NTFP species profiles from around the world: Introduction by Patricia Shanley, Alan R. Pierce, Sarah A Laird & Abraham Guillen: Latin America: 4. Chicle (Manikara zapota) by Peter W. Alcorn; 5. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) by Enrique G Ortiz; 6. Palm heart (Euterpe spp.) by Dennis Johnson; 7. Pau d'arco (Tabebuia spp.) by M. Constanza von der Pahlen; 8. Cat's claw (Uncaria guianensis and U. tomentosa) by Miguel N. Alexiades; 9. Breu resin (Protium spp.) by Campbell Plowden; 10. Titica vine (Heteropsis spp.) by Campbell Plowden; 11. Amapa (Parahancornia spp. and Brosimum spp.) by Campbell Plowden; 12. Copaiba (Copaifera spp.) by Campbell Plowden; 13. Sangre de drago (Croton lechleri) by Miguel N. Alexiades. Eastern North America: 14. Fiddlehead ferns (Matteucia struthiopteris) by Alan R. Pierce; 15. Maple syrup (Acer saccharum) by Alan R. Pierce; 16. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) by Alan R Pierce. The Mediterranean region: 17. Mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscas), cork oak (Quercus suber), argan (Argania spinosa), pine nut (Pinus pinea), pine resin (various spp.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa) by Yorgos Moussouris and Pedro Regato. Sub-Saharan Africa: 18. Griffonia (Griffonia simplicifolia) by Kodzo Gbewonyo; 19. Baobab bark (Adansonia digitata) by Claudia Romero, Isla Grundy, Bruce Campbell & Anthony B Cunningham; 20. Yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbe) by Terry C.H. Sunderland, Marie-Laure Ngo-Mpeck, Zacharie Tchoudjeu & Sarah A Laird. Africa and Asia: 21. Rattan (various spp.) by Terry C.H. Sunderland & John Dransfield; 22. Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) by Ganesan Balachander; 23. Sumatra benzoin (Styrax spp.) by Esther Katz, Carmen Garcia & Marina Goloubinoff. Other initiatives: 24. Sustainable harvesting of epiphytic bromeliads in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico: a pilot study by Jan H.D. Wolf & Cornelis J.F. Konings; 25. Reducing the ecological footprint of the 'wooden rhino': the case for certification of Kenyan woodcarvings by Susanne F. Schmitt & Anthony B. Cunningham. Section III: The core elements of NTFP certification: 26. Ecological issues by Alan R. Pierce & Patricia Shanley; 27. Social issues by Alan R Pierce; 28. Subsistence issues by Alan R. Pierce; Space outside the market: implications of NTFP certification for subsistence use - a northern case study from the Upper Peninsula Region, US by Marla R. Emery; The interface of timber and non-timber resources: declining resources for subsistence livelihoods - a southern case study from Brazilian Amazonia by Patricia Shanley, Leda Luz & Margaret Cymerys; 29. Marketing issues by Sarah A. Laird & Abraham Guillen; 30. Technical issues by Abraham Guillen, Alan R. Pierce & Richard Z. Donovan. Section IV: Conclusions and recommendations: 31. Conclusions and recommendations by Patricia Shanley, Sarah A. Laird, Alan R. Pierce & Abraham Guillen....(more)" |