| schema:description | "内容記述: 1. Introduction, Paul R. Portney & Robert N. Stavins: Environmental Policy Developments and Trends since 1989; Scope, Level, and Audience; Chapter Highlights; An Invitation to Readers; References. 2. EPA and the Evolution of Federal Regulation, Paul R. Portney: The Creation and Growth of EPA; Fundamental Choices in Environmental Regulation; A Hybrid Approach; Problems Facing the Agency; Notes; References. 3. Market-Based Environmental Policies, Robert N. Stavins: What Are Market-Based Policy Instruments?; U.S. Experience with Tradable Permit Programs; U.S. Experience with Charge Systems; U.S. Experience with Reducing Market Barriers; U.S. Experience with Reducing Government Subsidies; Why Have There Been Relatively Few Applications of Market-Based Instruments?; Why Has the Performance Record Been Mixed?; The Changing Politics of Market-Based Instruments; Conclusion; Notes; References. 4. Air Pollution Policy, Paul R. Portney: Air Pollution Control before 1970; The New Direction in Air Pollution Control Policy; Accomplishments since 1970; An Economic Evaluation of the Clean Air Act; Other Issues in Air Quality Regulation; Notes; References. 5. Climate Change Policy, Jason F. Shogren and Michael A. Toman: A Brief Overview of Climate Change; A Chronology of Policy and Institutional Responses; Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Climate Change Risk Mitigation; Designing Climate Policy Instruments; Coherent International Architecture Matters; Concluding Remarks; Notes; References. 6. Water Pollution Policy, A Myrick Freeman III: History and Evolution of Water Pollution Policy, FWPCA-72 and Its Amendments; Accomplishments of the Programs since 1972; Economic Issues and Problems; The Safe Drinking Water Act; Conclusions; Notes; References. 7. Hazardous Waste and Toxic Substance Policies, Hilary Sigman: Public Policy for Hazardous Waste Management; Public Policy for Contaminated Sites; Regulating the Use of Toxic Substances; Conclusions; Notes; References. 8. Solid Waste Policy, Molly K. Macauley & Margaret A. Walls: What Is Solid Waste, How Much Is Generated, and How Is It Regulated?; Rationales for Government Intervention in the Solid Waste Market; Conclusions; Notes; References....(more)" |