| schema:description | "内容記述: Part 1. Environmental Impact Assessment as a Decision Tool: 1. Environmental Impact Assessment - Overview of Purpose and Process, Judith Petts: 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Terminology problems; 1.3. The environmental impact assessment process; 1.4. Is strategic environmental assessment something different?; 1.5. Impact prediction tools dn approaches; 1.6. What is significant?; 1.7. What should environmental impact assessment achieve? 2. A Framework for Environmental, Sustainability Assessment and Assurance, Barry Sadler: 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Environmental impacts of human activity - limits to growth revisited; 2.3. Principles and rules of thumb of sustainability; 2.4. The argument for impact compensation; 2.5. Implications for environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment; 2.6 Conclusion. 3. Environmental Impact Assessment Versus Other Environmental Management Decision Tools, Judith Petts: 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Decision tools versus decision processes; 3.3. The nature of the impacts; 3.4. Technology assessment; 3.5. Cost-benefit analysis; 3.6. Risk assessment; 3.7. Life-cycle assessment; 3.8. Environmental auditing; 3.9. Integration potential and process development; 3.10. Conclusions. 4.Strategic Environmental Assessment - Principles and Potential, Maria R. Partid?rio: 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Background to the development of strategic environmental assessment; 4.3. Strategic environmental assessment: definition and guiding principles; 4.4. Dimensions of strategic environmental assessment systems; 4.5. Strategic environmental assessment - a bridge from project environmental impact assessment to sustainability; 4.6. Future trends - potential in, and for, strategic environmental assessment; 4.7. Conclusions. 5. Critical and Standards for Assessing significant Impact, Rob Sippe: 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Political and jurisdictional interpretations; 5.3. The meaning of environmental significance and its application in environmental impact assessment; 5.4. Critical and standards for assessing environmental significance; 5.5. Conclusions and future directions. 6. Environmental Impact Assessment, Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Valuation of Environmental Impacts, Ian J. Bateman: .6.1. Introduction; 6.2. Contrasting cost-benefit analysis with environmental impact assessment; 6.3. Monetary evaluation: theory and debate; 6.4. Methods for the monetary evaluation of environmental preferences; 6.5. Conclusions. 7. Environmental Impact Assessment - Impact on Decisions, John Glasson: 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. Relevant terms and concepts; 7.3. Impact on decisions - generic/international studies; 7.4. Specific case studies; 7.5. The particular case of the Untied Kingdom; 7.6. Conclusions: retrospect and prospect. 8. Public Participation and Environmental Impact Assessment, Judith Petts: 8.1. Introduction; 8.2. Defining participation; 8.3. Defining objectives; 8.4. Defining the public and public interests; 8.5. Environmental impact assessment legislative requirements; 8.6. Participation in the environmental impact assessment process; 8.7. Participation in strategic environmental assessment; 8.8. Criteria of effective participation; 8.9. Methods and techniques; 8.10. 'New' participative approaches; 8.11. Integrating participation and assessment; 8.12. Barriers to effective participation; 8.13. Conclusions - the future. 9. Environmental Impacts Assessment and Information Technology, Mary McCabe & Fiona Jinman: 9.1. Introduction; 9.2. Electronic communication; 9.3. Geographical information systems; 9.4. Multimedia and video; 9.5. Simulation modelling; 9.6. Expert systems; 9.7. Group decision-support systems; 9.8. Further support for the environmental impact assessment process. Part 2. Environmental Impact Assessment: Process and Methods: 10. Screening, Scoping and Consideration of Alternatives, Carys E. Jones: 10.1. Introduction; 10.2. Terms and concepts; 10.3. Screening; 10.4. Scoping; 10.5. Consideration of alternatives; 10.6. Conclusions. 11. Environmental Impact Assessment Monitoring and Auditing, Jos Arts & Sibout Nooteboom: 11.1. Introduction; 11.2 Causality and feedback; 11.3. Monitoring and auditing and project decision-making; 11.4. Objectives; 11.5. Administrative systems; 11.6. Implementation; 11.7. Problems in monitoring and auditing; 11.8. Alternatives; 11.9. Conclusions. 12. Air Quality Assessment, D. Owen Harrop: 12.1. Introduction; 12.2. Air quality management; 12.3. Sources and impacts; 12.4. Scoping; 12.5. Baseline monitoring; 12.6. Impact prediction; 12.7. Impact significance; 12.8. Mitigation; 12.9. Case study; 12.10. Application of air quality assessment; 12.11. Conclusions. 13. Water Impact Assessment, Sam Atkinson: 13.1. Introduction; 13.2. Overview of definitions and terminology; 13.3. Water law standards and parameters; 13.4. Framework for water impact assessment; 13.5. Step 1: identifying water quantity and quality issues; 13.6. Step 2: identifying water laws, regulations and legal structures; 13.7. Step 3: describing existing water conditions; 13.8. Step 4: predicting water impacts; 13.9. Step 5: identifying mitigation measures; 13.10: Step 6: assessing impact significance; 13.11. Conclusions. 14. Social Impact Assessment, Frank Vanclay: 14.1. Introduction: what is social impact assessment?; 14.2. What are social impacts and what causes them?; 14.3. What is the social impact assessment process or methodology?; 14.4. What are the primary benefits of social impact assessment?; 14.5. Are there guidelines or principles governing social impact assessment?; 14.6. What are the limitations to social impact assessment?; 14.7. What are thekey issues in social impact assessment?; 14.8. How could social impact assessment be improved?; 14.9. Conclusion: what needs to be remembered. 15. Ecological Impact Assessment, Peter Wathern: 15.1. Introduction; 15.2. initial tasks; 15.3. Baseline ecological studies; 15.4. Ecological impact prediction; 15.5. Impact mitigation; 15.6. Impact evaluation; 15.7. Translocation; 15.8. Restoration; 15.9. Conclusions. 16. Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, Moira Hankinson: 16.1. Introduction; 16.2. The European planning and legal framework; 16.3. Structure of the assessment; 16.4. Project initiation; 16.5. Scope of the assessment; 16.6. Baseline studies; 16.7. Design options and primary mitigation; 16.8. Project description and secondary mitigation; 16.9. Landscape and visual assessment; 16.10. Monitoring; 16.11. Conclusions. 17.Risk Assessment, Gev Eduljee: 17.1. Introduction; 17.2. The practice of risk assessment; 17.3. The risk assessment process; 17.4. Risk assessment in option evaluation; 17.5. Risk assessment in facility siting; 17.6. Risk assessment in process definition; 17.7. Risk assessment during operation and post-closure; 17.8 Dealing with uncertainty; 17.9. Challenges and developments. 18. Cumulative Effects Assessment, Larry Canter: 18.1. Introduction; 18.2. Definitions of key terms; 18.3. Types of cumulative effects; 18.4. The cumulative effects assessment process; 18.5. Special issues in cumulative effects assessment; 18.6. Cumulative effects assessment methods; 18.7. Prediction methods for cumulative effects; 18.8. Monitoring of cumulative effects; 18.9. Stragetic environmental assessment and cumulative effects assessment; 18.10. Cumulative effects assessment case studies; 18.11. Barriers to cumulative effects assessment; 18.12. Guidelines for cumulative effects assessment; 18.13. Summary and conclusions. 19. Methods of Strategic Environmental Assessment, Riki Th?rivel & A. Lex Brown: 19. 1. Introduction; 19.2. Strategic environmental assessment principles which affect strategic environmental assessment methods; 19.3. The overall strategic environmental assessment process; 19.4. Purpose of the strategic environmental assessment and who should carry it out; 19.5. Collection of background information; 19.6. identifying objectives, topics, targets an indicators; 19.7. Describing the environmental and related constraints; 19.8. Testing for compatibility and internal consistency; 19.9. Prediction and evaluation of environmental/sustainability impacts; 19.10. Monitoring; 19.11. Conclusions....(more)" |