| schema:description | "内容記述: Part 1. Quality and Effectiveness: 1. Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment in Practice: Fulfilled Potential or Wasted Opportunity, Judith Petts: 1.1. Diffusion and internationalization; 1.2. Measuring effectiveness; 1.3. Experience and practice; 1.4. Conclusions: fulfillment or wasted opportunity. 2. Comparative Evaluation of Environmental Impact Assessment Systems, Christopher Wood: 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Trends in environmental impact assessment practice, 2.3. The environmental impact assessment systems; 2.4. System evaluation criteria; 2.5. Performance of the environmental impact assessment systems; 2.6. Performance of the environmental impact assessment systems against each criterion; 2.7. Conclusions: improving the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment. 3. Capacity Building, Brian D. Clark: 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Capacity building and capacity development; 3.3. Capacity development and training; 3.4. Constraints on training; 3.5. Environmental impact assessment training: needs and demand in a climate of change; 3.6. Training provision; 3.7. Target groups' training requirements; 3.8. Type of training; 3.9. The content of training programmes and related issues; 3.10. Training of developing country personnel in developed countries; 3.11. Environmental impact assessment networks; 3.12. Monitoring the effectiveness of capacity development; 3.13. Partnerships and sustainability; 3.14. Conclusions. 4. Quality and Quality Control in Environmental Impact Assessment, Karl Fuller: 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Dimensions of quality; 4.3. Quality assurance in environmental impact assessment - the review; 4.4. Quality control using other systemic approaches; 4.5. Quality assurance in environmental impact assessment - foundation measures; 4.6. Conclusions; Appendix 1. Institute of environmental assessment review criteria; The Netherlands environmental impact assessment commission operational criteria; Checklist for evaluating New Zealand reports; Appendix 2: Checklist for review of environmental assessment process effectiveness. Part 2. Environmental Impact Assessment at the International Level: 5. The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Wiek Schrage: 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Definitions; 5.3. Field of application; 5.4. Procedure; 5.5. Pubic participation; 5.6. Effect on international law; 5.7. Interim implementation; 5.8. Conclusions. 6. Environmental Impact Assessment and Multilateral Financial Institutions, William V. Kennedy: 6.1. Introduction; 6.2. The purpose of environmental impact assessment requirements and procedures; 6.3. Screening; 6.4. The project cycle; 6.5.Public consultation; 6.6. Experience; 6.7. Quality; 6.8. Effectiveness; 6.9. Conclusions. Part 3. International Experience: 7. Environmental Impact Assessment in Central and Eastern Europe, Urszula A. Rzeszot: 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. Characteristics of the region; 7.3. Background to environmental impact assessment legislation; 7.4. Environmental impact assessment practice; 7.5. Strategic environmental assessment; 7.6. Training networking and exchange of information; 7.7. Conclusions. 8. Environmental Impact Assessment in East Asia, Clive Briffett: 8.1. Introduction; 8.2. Characteristics of the region; 8.3. Status of environmental impact assessment; 8.4. Environmental impact assessment legislation; 8.5. Environmental impact assessment practice; 8.6. Hong Kong; 8.7. Japan; 8.8. Singapore; 8.9. Brunei Darussalam; 8.10. Malaysia; 8.11. Thailand; 8.12. Indonesia; 8.13. Philippines; 8.14. Problems in implementing environmental impact assessment; 8.15. Environmental impact assessment procedures; 8.16. Conclusions. 9. Environmental Impact Assessment in Africa, John O. Kakonge: 9.1. Introduction; 9.2. Characteristics of the region; 9.3. Evolution of environmental impact assessment in Africa; 9.4. Reasons why environmental impact assessment has not been institutionalized in Africa; 9.5. The conduct of environmental impact assessment in African countries; 9.6. Donor agencies and environmental impact assessment; 9.7. Lessons to be learned from case studies; 9.8. Institutional framework; 9.9. Regional cooperation; 9.10. Conclusions. 10. Environmental Impact Assessment in South and Central America, Elizabeth Brito & Iara Verocai: 10.1. Introduction; 10.2. Overview of the region; 10.3. Evolution of environmental impact assessment; 10.4. Current status of environmental impact assessment; 10.5. Environmental impact assessment procedures; 10.6. Case study - Bolivia; 10.7. Case study - Chile; 10.8. Conclusions. 11. Environmental Impact Assessment in North America, Ray Clark & Debra Richards: 11.1. Introduction; 11.2. Background; 11.3. Defining the boundaries of an environmental impact assessment; 11.4. Scoping; 11.5. Alternatives; 11.6. Environmental effects; 11.7. Public participation; 11.8. Interagency review; 11.9. Monitoring; 11.10. Response to findings - adaptive management; 11.11. Local and regional environmental impact assessment; 11.12. Interdisciplinary place-based approach to decision-making; 11.13. Interagency and environmental impact assessment interjurisdictional coordination; 11.14. Strategic planning; 11.15. Summary. 12. Environmental Impact Assessment in the European Union, Alan J. Bond & Peter Wathern: 12.1. Introduction; 12.2. Overview; 12.3. Constraints on environmental impact assessment in the European Union; 12.4. The 1985 Environmental Impact Assessment Directive; 12.5. Environmental impact assessment practice in the European Union; 12.6. Future development; 12.7. Conclusions. Part 4. Sectoral Experience: 13. Policy Environmental Assessment, John Bailey & Jennifer E. Dixon: 13.1. Introduction; 13.2. Policy environmental assessment: terms, concepts and principles; 13.3. The emergence of policy environmental assessment; 13.4. Policy environmental assessment: procedure; 13.5. Policy environmental assessment: methods; 13.6. Conclusions. 14. Environmental Impact Assessment of Land-use Plans: Experience under the National Environmental Policy Act and the California Environmental Quality Act, Ronald Bass & Albert Herson: 14.1. Introduction; 14.2. National Environmental Policy Act and Federal land-use planning; 14.3. Procedures and typical methodologies; 14.4. Environmental impact assessment of plans at the state level; 14.5. Conclusions. 15. Environmental Impact Assessment and Waste Management, Gev Eduljee: 15.1. Introduction; 15.2. Waste management options and impacts; 15.3. Strategic waste management; 15.4. Scoping of impacts; 15.5. Site selection; 15.6. Baseline assessment; 15.7. Impact prediction and evaluation; 15.8. Mitigation; 15.9. Environmental impact assessment and pollution control; 15.10. Operation and postclosure; 15.11. Conclusions and future developments. 16. Environmental Impact Assessment of Road and Rail Infrastructure, Ann Dom: 16.1. Introduction; 16.2. Impacts of road and rail infrastructure and use; 16.3. Effects and limitations of project environmental impact assessment; 16.4. Strategic environmental assessment of transport infrastructure plans; 16.5. Impact prediction methods and tools; 16.6. Evaluation techniques; 16.7. Multimodal comparisons; 16.8. Mitigation and compensation measures; 16.9. Public participation; 16.10. Institutional and political barriers; 16.11. The necessity of sustainable transport frameworks and targets; 16.12. Conclusions. 17. Environmental Impact Assessment for Energy Projects, Thomas Russo: 17.1. Introduction; 17.2. Types of energy projects; 17.3. Characteristics of energy projects; 17.4. Uncommon issues; 17.5. Examples of good practice; 17.6. Conclusions. 18. Environmental Impact Assessment for Mining Projects, Alex Weaver & Paula Caldwell: 18.1. Introduction; 18.2. Life cycle and methods of mining; 18.3. Scoping; 18.4. Baseline surveys; 18.5. Evaluation of alternatives and site selection; 18.6. Prediction and evaluation of impacts; 18.7. Mitigation of impact; 18.8. Monitoring and auditing; 18.9. Value of environmental impact assessment for mining projects. 18.10. Conclusions. 19. Environmental Impact Assessment for Water Projects, Andrew Brookes: 19.1. Introduction; 19.2. Types of projects; 19.3. Scoping of water projects; 19.4. Baseline studies; 19.5. Alternatives; 19.6. Impact prediction; 19.7. Public participation in water project environmental impact assessment; 19.8. Monitoring and post-project appraisal; 19.9. Sustainable water resource management; 19.10. Conclusions....(more)" |