| rdf:type | <https://jpsearch.go.jp/term/type/資料一般> |
| rdfs:label | "Air Pollution, 2nd edition" |
| schema:name | "Air Pollution, 2nd edition" @ja |
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| schema:contributor | <https://jpsearch.go.jp/entity/ncname/Jeremy_Colls> (➜ "Jeremy Colls") |
| schema:dateCreated | "2002" |
| schema:description 3 | "Source: Clay's Library of Health and the Environment (Series Editor: Bill Bassett)" |
| schema:description | "内容記述: 1. Gaseous air pollutants: sources and control: 1.1. Units for expressing pollutant concentration: 1.1.1. Conversation between gravimetric and volumetric units; 1.1.2. Correction for non-standard temperature and pressure; 1.2. The basic atmosphere: 1.2.1. The origins of our atmospheres; 1.2.2. Natural constituents of air; 1.2.3. Water in the Atmosphere; 1.3. The vertical structure of the atmosphere: 1.3.1. Pressure; 1.3.2. Temperature; 1.4. Anthropogenic emissions: 1.4.1. Energy consumption; 1.4.2. Sulphur emissions; 1.4.3. Nitrogen oxide production; 1.4.4. Ammonia; 1.4.5. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); 1.4.6. Carbon monoxide; 1.4.7. Hydrogen chloride; 1.5. Primary emission summary: 1.6. Adsorption and Absorption of gasses: 1.6.1. Adsorption; 1.6.2. Absorption; 1.7. Incineration as a source of air pollutants: 1.7.1. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs); 1.8. Secondary gaseous pollutants: 1.8.1. Tropospheric ozone; 1.8.2. Wintertime NO? episodes; 1.8.3. Reduction of ozone concentrations; 1.9. Other air pollutants; 1.10. Emission inventories; Further reading; 2. Airborne particles: 2.1. Particle terminology; 2.2. Particle size distributions: 2.2.1. Relative sizes of particles and gas molecules; 2.2.2. Specification of size; 2.2.3. Presentation of size distributions; 2.2.4. General features of real size distributions; 2.3. Aerosol mechanics: 2.3.1. Drag force; 2.3.2. Sedimentation; 2.3.3. Brownian diffusion; 2.3.4.Coagulation; 2.3.5. The influence of shape and density; 2.3.6. Relaxation time; 2.3.7. Stopping distance; 2.3.8. Impaction and interception; 2.5.9. Stokes number and impactors; 2.3.10. Thermophoresis; 2.3.11. Erosion and resuspension; 2.4. Particle sources: 2.4.1. Wind erosion; 2.4.2. Sea salt; 2.4.3. Other natural sources; 2.4.4. Anthropogenic sources; 2.5. Reduction of primary particle emissions: 2.5.1. Sedimentation; 2.5.2. Centrifugation; 2.5.3. Filtration; 2.5.4. Washing; 2.5.5. Electrostatic precipitation; 2.5.6. Comparison of efficiencies; 2.6. Secondary particles; 2.7. Trends in particle emissions; Further reading.; 3. Mobile sources: 3.1. Motor vehicle emission: 3.1.1. Combustion of fuel; 3.1.2. Combustion emissions; 3.1.3. Specific pollutants; 3.1.4. Reduction of motor vehicle emissions; 3.1.5. Diesel exhaust; 3.1.6. Vehicle maintenance; 3.1.7. Vehicle emission calculation; 3.1.8. Fuel composition; 3.1.9. Diesel vs. petrol; 3.1.10. Impact of control measures; 3.1.11. Cleaner vehicle technologies; 3.1.12. Alternative fuels; 3.2. Trains; 3.3. Shipping emissions; 3.4. Aircraft emissions: 3.4.1. Emission calculations; 3.4..2. Aerosol precursors; 3.4.3. Contrails; 3.4.4. Dispersion of aircraft emissions; 3.4.5. Airport emission standards; 3.5. Different modes of transport; Further reading; 4. Measurement of gases and particles: 4.1. Methods of describing pollutant concentration; 4.2. Sampling requirements; 4.3. Gas sampling: 4.3.1. Pumped systems; 4.3.2. Preconcentration; 4.3.3. Grab sampling; 4.4. Gas concentration measurement: 4.4.1. Wet chemical methods; 4.4.2. Real-time pumped systems; 4.4.3. Real-time remote systems; 4.4.4. Gas chromatography; 4.4.5. Liquid chromatography; 4.4.6. Chromatography with mass spectroscopy; 4.4.7. Inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopies; 4.4.8. Optical spectroscopy; 4.5. Quality control: 4.5.1. Blanks; 4.5.2. Calibration; 4.6. Particle sampling: 4.6.1. Isokinetic sampling; 4.7. Particle measurement methods: 4.7.1.Filtration; 4.7.2. Optical methods; 4.7.3. Beta-attenuation; 4.7.4. Resonating microbalance; 4.7.5. Size fractionation; 4.8. Chemical composition of aerosol: 4.8.1. Particle microstructure; 4.8.2. Real-time chemical analysis; 4.9. Measurement of coarse particle deposition; 4.10. Emission measurement from stationery sources: 4.10.1. Confined emissions; 4.10.2. Unconfined emissions; Further Reading; 5. Concentrations and deposition: 5.1. Gaseous pollutants: 5.1.1. Measurement networks in the UK; 5.1.2. Other measurement networks; 5.2. Patterns of occurrence: 5.2.1. Ozone; 5.2.2. Nitrogen dioxide; 5.2.3. Sulphur dioxide; 5.2.4. Carbon monoxide; 5.2.5. Volatile organic compounds; 5.2.6. Air quality information from the UK Government; 5.3. Particulate matter; 5.4. Dry deposition of gases: 5.4.1. Deposition velocity; 5.4.2. Resistance; 5.5. Wet deposition: 5.5.1. Rainfall; 5.5.2. Rainout; 5.5.3. Dry reactions; 5.5.4. Wet reactions; 5.5.5. Cloudwater deposition; 5.6. Total deposition and budgets; 5.7. Analysis of an air pollutant episode; Further Reading; 6. Meteorology and modelling: 6..1 Meteorological factors: 6.1.1. Wind direction; 6.1.2. Windspeed; 6.1.3. Atmospheric stability; 6.1.4. Meteorological data; 6.2. Dispersion models; 6.3. Gaussian dispersion theory: 6.3.1. Coordinate system; 6.3.2. Fickian diffusion; 6.3.3. The Gaussian plume equation; 6.3.4. Assumptions of the Gaussian model; 6.3.5. Plume rise; 6.3.6. The effort of vertical constraints; 6.3.7. Estimating stability; 6.3.8. Versions of the Gaussian equation; 6.4. Dispersion theory in practice: 6.4.1. Worked example of Gaussian dispersion; 6.4.2. Predictions for planning purposes; 6.4.3. Effects of topography; 6.4.4. Effects of buildings; 6.4.5. Recent developments; 6.5. Dispersion of vehicle emissions; 6.6. Receptor models: 6.6.1. Chemical mass balance models; 6.7. Box models; 6.8. Statistical models; Further Reading; 7. Analysis of an air quality data set: 7.1. The raw data set; 7.2. Period averages; 7.3. Roses; 7.4. Diurnal variations; 7.5. Short-term events; 7.6. Frequency distributions; 7.7. Further statistical analyses; 8. Indoor air quality: 8.1. Building ventilation; 8.2. Combustion: 8.2.1. Solid-fuel combustion; 8.2.2. Gas combustion; 8.2.3. Tobacco combustion; 8.3. Indoor organics sources; 8.4. Bioaerosols: 8.4.1. Categories; 8.4.2. Sampling bioaerosols; 8.5. Sick building syndrome; 8.6. Odour and ventilation; 8.7. Clean rooms; Further Reading; 9. Effects on plants, visual range and materials: 9.1. Effects on plants: 9.1.1. Historical evidence; 9.1.2. Experimental methods; 9.1.3. Plant responses to specific air pollutants; 9.1.4. Pollutant entry into the plant; 9.1.5. Pollutants inside plants; 9.1.6. Exposure dynamics; 9.1.7. Premature senescence; 9.1.8. Resistance; 9.1.9. Trees; 9.1.10. Critical loads and levels; 9.1.11. Interactions; 9.2. Visual range: 9.2.1. Regional haze in the US; 9.2.2. Rayleigh scattering; 9.2.3. Mie scattering; 9.2.4. Contrast reduction; 9.2.5. Hygroscopic particles; 9.3. Damage to materials: 9.3.1. Building materials; 9.3.2. Other materials; Further Reading; 10. Responses of humans and other animals: 10.1. Responses of people: 10.1.1. Episodes and epidemiology; 10.1.2. The respiratory system; 10.1.3. Responses to particles; 10.1.4. Responses to gases; 10.1.5. Immunosuppression; 10.1.6. Passive smoking; 10.1.7. Toxic organic micropollutants (TOMPs); 10.1.8. Qualification of health effects; 10.1.9. Odour; 10.2. Effects on other animals: 10.2.1. Fish and other aquatic species; 10.2.2. Industrial melanism; 10.2.3. Aphid stimulation; Further Reading; 11. Greenhouse gases and climate change: 11.1. Our radiation environment: 11.1.1. Variations in solar input; 11.2. The role of gases: 11.2.1. Carbon dioxide; 11.2.2. Methane; 11.2.3. Nitrous oxide; 11.2.4. Halocarbons; 11.2.5. Contributions to radioactive forcing; 11.3. The role of aerosol: 11.3.1. Volcanoes and aerosol formation; 11.3.2. Modeling the radiative impact of aerosol; 11.4. Gases and aerosol combined; 11.5. Future scenarios; 11.6. The main predictions: 11.6.1. Atmospheric temperature; 11.6.2. Model validation; 11.6.3. Sea level; 11.6.4. Rainfall; 11.6.5. Effects in the UK; 11.6.6. Effects in developing countries; 11.6.7. Biodiversity changes; 11.7. Feedbacks; 11.8. Global responses: 11.8.1. European responses; 11.8.2. UK responses; Further reading; 12. Ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation: 12.1. Ozone in the stratosphere; 12.2. Destructive chemistry: 12.2.1. The role of chlorofluorocarbons; 12.2.2. Ozone depletion potentials; 12.2.3. Methyl bromide; 12.3. The current situation; 12.4. Ozone and Ultraviolet: 12.4.1. Penetration of UV through the atmosphere; 12.4.2. Penetration of UV into water; 12.4.3. Absorption of UVB; 12.4.4 Effects of UV on people; 12.5. Clothing protection from UV: 12.5.1. Eye responses; 12.5.2. Immune responses; 12.5.3. Effects of UV radiation on terrestrial biota; 12.5.4. Effects on marine organisms; Further Reading; 13. Standards and legislation: 13.1. UK legislation: 13.1.1. Background; 13.1.2. The National Air Quality Strategy (NAQS); 13.1.3. Local air quality management; 13.2. EU air quality legislation; 13.3. UNECE; 13.4. World Health Organisation: 13.4.1. Exceedances; 13.5. EU industrial emission legislation; 13.6. EU vehicle emissions: 13.6.1. Emission testing cycles; 13.6.2. EU emission legislation; .13.7. US legislation: 13.7.1. Background; 13.7.2. Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs); 13.7.3. NAPAP; 13.7.4. US vehicles emissions; 13.7.5. Comparison of EU and US vehicle emission standards; 13.7.6. Vehicle emissions in California; 13.7.7. US Locomotives; 13.7.8. National parks and wilderness areas; 13.8. Air pollution indices: 13.8.1. Air quality banding; 13.8.2. Headline indicator; 13.8.3. Pollutant standards index; Further reading; Conclusion....(more)" |
| schema:description | "公開者: London, UK & New York, NY, USA" |
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