| schema:description 2 | "内容記述: 1. Development-Governance-Environment Nexus: Views, Perspectives and Issues, Mohammad Alauddin & Samiul Hasan: 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Perspectives and views on the development-environment-governance nexus; 1.3. Contributions to this volume: An Interpretive overview; 1.4. The design of this volume; 1.5. Concluding comments; 2. Socio-Economic Policy and Change in South Asia: A Review Concentrating on Bangladesh, Clem Tisdell: 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Economic and demographic indicators for major South Asian countries; 2.3. Some social welfare/development indicators for South Asia; 2.4. Structural change in South Asia; 2.5. External dependence; 2.6. An introduction to socio-economic trends in Bangladesh; 2.7. Trends in broad economic and demographic indicators; 2.8. Structural change in the Bangladesh economy; 2.9. Bangladesh's international economic relations; 2.10. Concluding comments; 3. South Asia in Reform Mode: Experiences, Obstacles and Prospects, Richard T. Shand: 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Economic performance in the 1990s: 3.2.1. Economic growth; 3.2.2. External trade orientation; 3.2.3. Foreign direct investment; 3.2.4. Fiscal deficits; 3.2.5. Inflation; 3.2.6. Current account balance; 3.2.7. Foreign exchange reserves; 3.2.8. External debt; 3.2.9. Debt-service ratio; 3.3. In review; 3.4. Institutional constraints; 3.5. Major areas of institutional reforms: 3.5.1. Public Sector-Enterprise (PSE) reform; 3.5.2. Banking and financial sector reforms; 3.5.3. Infrastructure reforms; 3.6. Governance; 3.7. Concluding comments; 4. The Political Economy of Macroeconomic Management: The Case of Bangladesh, Akhtar Hossain and Anis Chowdhury: 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. South Asia's economic performance, 1970-95; 4.3. Bangladesh's macroeconomic performance, 1972-96: 4.3.1. Inflation and the balance-of-payments crisis, 1972-75; 4.3.2. Macroeconomic stabilisation, 1975-90; 4.3.3. The economy in transition to a high growth path since 1991; 4.4. The political economy of macroeconomic instability and economic growth; 4.5. The weakness of the state of Bangladesh; 4.6. Concluding observations; 5. Economic Liberalisation and Growth in Bangladesh: The Role of Foreign Private Investment, M. Yunus Ali: 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Background to restrictive economic policy in Bangladesh; 5.3. Private sector during the early years of Bangladesh; 5.4. Foreign private investment during 1976-90; 5.5. Liberalisation policies of the democratically elected governments: 5.5.1. Growth performance since 1991; 5.5.2. Miles to go to attain expected economic growth; 5.6. Concluding observations; 6. South Asia's Agricultural Commodity Exports: What Prospects?, Moazzem Hossain: 6.1. Introduction; 6.2. Uruguay Round and trade issues; 6.3. Composition of South Asian trade: 6.3.1. Commodity trade; 6.3.2. Trade with services; 6.4. Agricultural commodity trade; 6.5. Agricultural transformation: Food deficits; 6.6. Production of export crops and allied products; 6.7. Prospects for Bangladesh's agricultural exports; 7. Trade Among South Asian Nations: Experiences and Prospects, Mohammad Alauddin: 7.1. Introduction; 7.2. Structure, composition and direction of trade: 7.2.1. The export trade; 7.2.2. The import trade; 7.3. Bangladesh's trade relationship with South Asia and the rest of the world; 7.4. Bangladesh's bilateral trade with India; 7.5. Concluding comments; 8. Aid and Fiscal Behavior in Developing Asia, Akhter Ahmed: 8.1. Introduction; 8.2. Fiscal response literature: A brief review; 8.3. A new fiscal response model; 8.4. Data and estimation procedure; 8.5. Empirical results: 8.5.1. Interpretation: Results of estimates using Model 1; 8.5.2. Interpretation: Results of estimates using Model 2; 8.6. Concluding observations; 9. Constitutionalism and Governance in Bangladesh, M. Rafigul Islam: 9.1. Introduction; 9.2. The legacy of Pakistan; 9.3. The constitution of Bangladesh; 9.4. Constitutional amendments: 9.4.1. The fourth amendment: From parliamentary to presidential; 9.4.2. The fifth amendment and the Indemnity Ordinance 1975; 9.4.3. The fifth and seventh amendments and the martial law regimes; 9.4.4. The eight amendment: State religion; 9.4.5. The thirteenth amendment: A non-political caretaker government; 9.5. The supremacy of the constitution ; 9.6. Concluding comments; 10. Consolidating Democratic Governance: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back, Habib Zafarullah: 10.1. Introduction; 10.2. The imperatives of democratic consolidation; 10.3. The state of democratic consolidation in Bangladesh; 10.4. Concluding comments; 11. Governance, Politics and Development Management in Bangladesh, Samiul Hasan: 11.1. Introduction; 11.2. Political parties and the political environment; 11.3. Failure of the political parties and leaders: 11.3.1. Opportunist political parties and leaders; 11.3.2. Poly-tricking in politics; 11.3.3. Gaps between political party and the people; 11.3.4. Absence of democracy within the political parties; 11.4. Discussion and conclusion; 12. Dilemmas and Strategies for Development in Bangladesh, Ahmed Shafigul Hugue: 12.1. Introduction; 12.2. The concept of development; 12.3. Development efforts in Bangladesh: 12.3.1. The early years; 12.3.2. The Zia Regime; 12.3.3. The Ershad Regime; 12.3.4. Post-Ershad Period; 12.4. Strategies and dilemma; 12.5. Concluding observations; 13. Health Centre Statues and Accessibility in Rural Bangladesh: A Location-Allocation Model-Based Analysis, Shams-ur Rahman and David K. Smith: 13.1. Introduction; 13.2. Health and economic development; 13.3. Health delivery system; 13.4. Location-allocation models; 13.5. Effect of distance on the utilization of health facilities; 13.6. Study area profile; 13.7. Location of health faculties and locational efficiency: 13.7.1. Analysis of the locational efficiency of seven existing and seven optimal UHFWCs; 13.7.2. Analysis of the locational efficiency of seven existing plus three proposed UHFWCs and seven existing plus three optimal UHFWCs; 13.8. Concluding comments; 14. Government and the Fourth Sector Partnership: Local Governance and Sustainable Development in Bangladesh, Samiul Hasan: 14.1. Introduction; 14.2. Sustainable development; 14.3. Voluntary or community-based organisations: The fourth sector: 14.3.1. Voluntarism in Bangladesh: Source and origin; 14.3.2. Local voluntary organisations and programmes in Bangladesh; 14.4. Voluntary organisations and sustainable development: 14.4.1. Eradication of human poverty; 14.4.2. Empowering communities through traditional practices and institutions; 14.5. Government and the fourth sector partnership; 14.6. Conclusion and recommendations; 15. New Approaches to Research, Development and Extension for Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment: Implications for South Asia, Shankariah Chamala: 15.1. Introduction; 15.2. Major challenges for sustainable development; 15.3. Research, development and extension approaches in developing and developed countries: 15.3.1. Traditional models of research, development and extension: Scenario in developing countries; 15.3.2. Training and Visit (T&V) system of extension; 15.3.3. The Dutch Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (AKIS); 15.3.4. United Sates: Cooperative extension interdependence model; 15.3.5. Australian cooperative research and landcare extension approach; 15.4. Participative Action Management (PAM) Model: a generic model for R, D & E: 15.4.1. How does the PAM model operate?; 15.4.2. Development of management platforms with ecosystems focus at various levels; 15.4.3. Use of the PAM model; 15.5. Participatory approaches in India and Bangladesh: 15.5.1. India's approach to joint forest management for sustainable development; 15.5.2. Bangladesh's approach to blending greater participation and sustainability with institutional strengthening; 15.6. Implications for South Asian countries; 16. Ecotourism Under Multiple-Use Management of the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest in Bangladesh: Issues and Options, M. Akhter Hamid and Bruce Frank: 16.1. Introduction; 16.2. Economic background of the Bangladesh Sundarbans; 16.3. Why Ecotourism in Bangladesh Sundarbans?; 16.4. Ecotourism in the Sundarbans: Problems and prospects; 16.5. The Sundarbans management dilemma: Need for a single-outlet shared approach; 16.6. Conclusions; 17. Coastal Aquaculture in South Asia: Experiences and Lessons, Mohammad Alauddin and M. Akhter Hamid: 17.1. Introduction; 17.2. Coastal aquaculture in South Asia: The process; 17.3. Coastal aquaculture and the environment; 17.4. Some further considerations; 17.5. Concluding comments; 18. Women and the Environment with Special Reference to Rural Bangladesh, Nilufar Jahan and Mohammad Alauddin: 18.1. Introduction; 18.2. Gender issues especially in rural Bangladesh; 18.3. Environmental degradation and rural women; 18.4. Women as grass-roots organisers; 18.5. Concluding comments; 19. South Asia's Experiences, Challenges and prospects in Global Context, Mohammad Alauddin: 19.1. Introduction; 19.2. Development, governance and the environment in South Asia: In retrospect; 19.3. Transboundary/bilateral and global aspects of South Asian issues: 19.3.1. Transboundary/bilateral issues of importance in South Asia; 19.3.2. South Asian issues in global context: The mutual interdependence; 19.4. Challenges and prospects; 19.5. Concluding comments....(more)" |